Untitled Essay Research Paper SUMER free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper SUMER While researching Sumerian civilization I learned many interesting things that I was non cognizant of earlier. Many small known facts about Sumer will alter the manner that people feel about other ancient societies. Many progresss that are non attributed to Sumeria, frequently were pioneered by this advanced civilization long before others. Most people don # 8217 ; t even cognize much about the origan of the Sumerian civilization. The people who originally lived in Sumer in 4000 BC were non truly Sumerians. Sumers original dwellers were in fact Ubaidians. The Ubaidian civilization was already rather advanced for that clip, and had a big assortment of alone farming techniques. Between 4000 and 3000 BC Sumer was infiltrated by many mobile folks. This changeless motion of peoples caused a cross-fertilisation of civilization. Technology from many different parts were going centralized in Sumer. So were different theological point of views. During this millenary the people that we think of as Sumerians moved into Sumer. These people originated near the Caspian sea and did non even arrive in Sumer until 3300 BC. When these people ended up in Sumer it created the universes foremost # 8220 ; high civilisation # 8221 ; . All who lived in Sumer were now recognized as Sumerian, because Sumerian was the common linguistic communication. Sumer, like most early middle-eastern states, was in the fertile crescent. These little waterways provided excellant irrigation, and transit. Sumer was one of the first big civilisations that had a really developed fabric industry. Wool sheared from caprine animals and sheep was made into garments. The use of linen was reserved for merely high priests and other very important persons. Flax and wool was used for everyone else. Farming was besides a really prevailing industry in this state. All of the assorted civilization taught the Sumerians approximately many different farming methods. Sickles and other tools aided in the agriculture. The harvested grain was preserved in garners and pots. This allowed grain to be shipped without botching or modeling. All of the waterways in Sumeria allowed merchandises to be shipped up and down rivers to other finishs. One popular transportation method was called the # 8220 ; Turnip # 8221 ; . The Brassica rapa was a buoy shaped boat that was attached to a long rope. The Brassica rapa would drift along in the H2O, while the merchandiser rode on horseback on a close by route. Transportation methods increased in efficiency and new types of them arrived during the Sumerian regulation, for case, more types of boats were invented, and the Sumerians introduced the canvas to the universe of travel. The wheel was besides foremost implemented in the Sumerian state. When these advanced signifiers of transit were non available, people still used donkeys with baskets strapped to their sides. Iron working was used to make tools that aided in the growing of the economic system. Harpoons and scythes were constructed from metal so that they were stronger and more affectional. Plows and other agriculture tools were made out of Fe now. Cuneiform authorship was pioneered by the Sumerian society. Cuneiform was composing that was shaped like cuneuss. This composing manner was used degree Fahrenheit or thousands of years after the Sumerian empire was overtaken. Sumerians were the first known users of â€Å"real† medicine. Their medicine did not rely upon magical incantations or blessings from gods. Tablets were excavated in the city-state of Nippur that provided detailed instructions for some type of balm. The instructions involved boiling, filtering, and pulverizing plants. Also, directions also often required scrubbing of washing wounds. This is the first mention of knowledge of germs. Doctors were referred to as A-ZU, which means Water-Knower. It is unsure if Sumerians knew about surgery yet, but there were many bodies that were found with the skulls sliced through, possibly for study or to relieve pressure on the brain. It is thought that veterinarians also existed. This is because references were made to â€Å"donkey doctors† and â€Å"horse doctors†. Sumerians had massive knowledge of the anatomy of humans and animals. This was evident because of the elaborate dissections involved in ritual sacrifice. Sumer did not have an official religion, but they still worshipped many gods. There were gods for each city-state, and for many other parts of nature. Sumerians were especially pessimistic. They believed that when dead, people went down to an eternally silent, dark underworld. Sumerians realized that the cycle of the seasons and rivers were unrelated to god, but still erected giant temples, called Ziggurats, to worship their gods. There was a ziggurat for Inanna, the goddess of love, and many other gods. Sumerians were quite good at art. It was used often to honor royalty, and nobility. The first schools for the arts originated in Sumeria. Sculptures made from all sorts of materials were found in Nippur, and other Sumerian cities. Statues of many gods were constructed, as well as sculptures of rulers. Each city-state had its own king. Although they had power, they were not permitted to act with ultimate power, or dictatorship. Con trary to popular belief, Hammurabis code of laws were not the oldest. Recently, a tablet was excavated in Sumeria dating back to 2350 BC. that set codes of conduct for newly conquered a city. This tablet is the first list of laws known to man. The Government enforced taxes to support the city-state. The government used to take all of a dead mans possessions, but one city-state changed that. All of the others shortly followed its lead. The king was at the top of the social ladder, followed by his advisors. A king chose advisors to help him rule, and make sure that people obey his laws. Priests still had a decent amount of power, but they still had an incredible amount of respect. Merchants and other artisans held the next rung of the social ladder. At the bottom of this imaginary ladder are commoners, followed only by slaves. Taking all evidence into hand, we can safely that Sumerian culture was quite advanced for its time. They introduced many important devices, ideas, and other imp ortant information that still aids our everyday life. Imagine life without the wheel. I believe that, under better circumstances, the Sumerian nation would still be flourishing today.