The Fantasy and Reality of Human Cloning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1243 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Cloning Essay Did you like this example? Day by day our scientific fantasies we once thought impossible are gradually becoming our reality: cloning falls under this category. It may not be as extreme as one imagines, but it is definitely occuring. Although dangers and unethical morals are consequences that will follow along, cloning, including its experiments, should be permitted because it will help advance our society. There are some places where they are attempting to ban cloning; However, all places should allow this to continue even if there has to be some restriction such as only allowing specific methods to use during the process. Cloning can assist by advancing our society and by bringing different benefits, such as ending extinction, curing diseases, reviving animals, and producing goods. For starters, it serves as a solution to extinction if its done correctly. However, this cannot be done unless research involving cloning is allowed everywhere. For instance, professor Beth Shapiro claims that, Only those whose tissue samples were taken and preserved before their extinction can be brought back in that way. Resurrecting long-dead species, including mammoths and passenger pigeons, will use different technologies, involving piecing together DNA sequences extracted from preserved bones and other remains (Should We Clone a Mammoth). They are developing a method which allows scientists to recreate certain animals that have been extinct, as long as they have saved the tissue from the animal. Furthermore, it will help humanity learn more about these animals and bring back animals that benefited the environment. To demonstrate, Shapiro explains that, Kangaroo rats are tiny environmental engineers whose complex burrow systems maintain the distribution and diversity of other species in their habitat. The domino effects of their disappearance include a rapid decline in plant diversity, which leads to a decline in seed-eating birds (Should We Clone a Mammoth). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Fantasy and Reality of Human Cloning" essay for you Create order They were essential to the environment, and if research on cloning continues, scientists would be able to revive them to better our world. Not only would it help us resurrect extinct animals, but it would prevent extinction altogether. For instance Wilmut explains that, an animal like a rhinoceros or an orangutan may have only about half a dozen offspring in a lifetime, so some of its genes are liable to remain uninheritedbut if the breeding population is lowthen the less common genes may well be contained within only one or a few individuals, and the individual containing the rarest genes may well finish its reproductive life without passing them on (Animal Cloning Could Be Beneficial). If only one kind of animal remains, it wont be able to reproduce in order to save its own species; thus cloning would come in handy because it wouldnt require another type of its kind to reproduce the same species, preventing it from dying out. In addition, this helps the human population as well bec ause it can advance medicine. It can cure diseases we have trouble coming up with solutions for. For instance, it can help treat inbreeding, heart diseases, and macular degeneration (Monastersky A Second Life for Cloning). These are diseases that scientists have trouble dealing with but cloning provides new methods to surpass these setbacks; Hundreds of lives could be saved if they continue investigating and using such methods. Furthermore, it will help with the production of different products by creating more of what is already there in a quicker way. To demonstrate, farmers would be able to have quicker access to meat without the delay of having to breed his own animals. He would be able to select his best cattle and make exact copies (Wilmut Animal Cloning Could be Beneficial). In other words, cloning will not only let our environment thrive, but the life it sustains as well. Cloning has been around for a while but the question is whether it should continue advancing. The first animal to be successfully cloned was a sheep they named Dolly. There have already been more animals that were cloned since then. For instance, there have been clones of rabbits, goats, frogs, and cows (Cloning). Something that should go into consideration is that there are different types of procedures available for cloning: The most known are reproductive, molecular and therapeutic. Others think that the downsides of cloning would outweigh the good it would bring because there could be errors, overpopulation, diversity loss, and deaths. To begin, it isnt 100% accurate, meaning there have been and can be malfunctions during the process. For instance, when cloning human women would be at great risks, considering that they would be extracting her eggs in the process. Demonstrated when they state, Even if the creation of a cloned embryo were to be successful, surrogacy of such an embryo could pose unforeseen dangers to the surrogate. The offspring also could suffer from unknown birth defects and other medical challenges (Brainard After Heated Debate, U.S.). Not only would the woman be at risk, but there is a chance that there will be defects once the baby comes out. Likewise, there has already been malfunction when they have attempted to clone animals. For instance, British scientist John Gurdon made further progress six years later when he transferred the nucleus o f a cell from the tadpoles intestine into a frog egg without a nucleus, but the tadpole still could not develop into an adult frog (Cloning). Although he was able to go through the progress, it didnt go as planned. Furthermore, cloning is a question of morality. Some people see embryos as humans and believe that destroying them for research isnt ideal. Similarly, its perceived as destroying a human life and as an unnatural way to create life; Thus seen as unethical behavior. Even though cloning is an implication that babies are being murdered, there are different methods in which real embryos wouldnt necessarily be destroyed; Therefore, people wouldnt have to worry about killing a life. To illustrate, Dr. Hurlbuts suggested a process called altered nuclear transferthe process would create a biological artifact, an embryo-like clone that could yield stem cells but could not progress beyond the very early stages of development (Monastersky A Second Life for Cloning). Moreover, its see n as an issue because there will be less diversity throughout humans and animals since they are creating exact replicas of a specific organism. Overtime, there would be less differences and less adaptations in the populations. Lastly, it can cause overpopulation if organisms are overproduced. The population on earth is already increasing, but if organisms were able to be created in large numbers, in a quicker amount of time, there will be overpopulation. Overall, cloning will bring benefits but its a matter of how much youre willing to sacrifice for it; No one really knows the consequences that will occur, once its done but some infer theyre not worth it. In other words, cloning outweighs the negative consequences it could potentially bring. It will help us advance and can change the way we live. It will bring upon new chances we didnt have before, so why shouldnt we give it a chance? Some may even perceive this as a waste of technology; They finally have these tools at hand, and it would be tragic if they didnt use them to improve the world. There is no major harm as long as there are limitations, such as only being able to clone if they use the altered nuclear transfer method. Providing this, scientists should continue their research with cloning only using methods that have the minimum damage.

Merchant of Venice Essay Antonios Love for Bassanio

Antonios Love for Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice Antonio feels closer to Bassanio than any other character in The Merchant of Venice. Our first clue to this is in the first scene when, in conversation with Antonio, Solanio says, Here comes Bassanio, your most noble kinsman, / Gratiano, and Lorenzo. Fare ye well: / We leave you now with better company (i. i. 57-59). Once Antonio is alone with Bassanio, the conversation becomes more intimate, and Antonio offers an indebted Bassanio My purse, my person, my extremest means (137). We find out later that Bassanio needs money to woo Portia, a noble heiress who Bassanio intends to marry. And though Antonio is not in a position to loan money at the time, he does not disappoint†¦show more content†¦But the common belief is that Antonio feels quite strongly for Bassanio (Sinfield 124). The question is, are those strong feelings amorous? The first lines of The Merchant of Venice come from Antonio, who is lamenting over his present state of melancholy: In sooth, I know not why I am so sad (i, i, 1). As the play opens, [Antonio] is marked as a man of complex feeling, not only sad but worried over What stuff [his sadness is] made of and how it affects his ability to know himself (Patterson 20). His acquaintances Salarino and Solanio attempt to guess at the root or his sadness, first asking if it stems from business. After Antonio gives a short diatribe to dispel that idea, Salarino believes Antonio is in love. Fie, fie! (45) Antonio responds. But once Bassanio enters and is alone with Antonio, Antonio is free to proceed to what is evidently uppermost in his mind (Engle 23). And Engle, as well as other scholars, believe Bassanios interest in Portia is the pressing issue within Antonio, and the reason for Antonios sadness (Sinfield 124). 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Management Cost Accounting Thomson Learning -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Cost Accounting Thomson Learning? Answer: Introducation Flexible budget is the form of budget that shows figures for every line item from actual figures as indicated on the organization statements as well as variance between figures. Basically, flexible budget is usually the estimate of what costs and revenues should have been, provided the actual activities for the period. Therefore, whenever it is used in performance evaluation of an organization, the actual expenses are usually compared to what costs should have been for actual activities within the period instead of static planning budget (Horngren 2009). Flexible budget is the form of budget that is permitted to adjust based on variations in assumptions used in creating a budget during the managements planning process. The main objective of flexible budget is assessing performance of profit centre in that it permits performance report to be created in a meaningful manner. This performance evaluation helps in comparing actual expenses or costs incurred in production of the products with those expenses or costs that ought to have been incurred, provided the actual activities (Drury 2001). Thus, the main objective of flexible budget is to help in obtaining expenses that ought to have been incurred in a project given the actual activities. In addition, flexible budget is a performance evaluation approach aimed at permitting correct comparison in between actual and budgeted performance. Thus, another objective of flexible budget is to allow for comparison between actual and budgeted performance. For example, comparison is usually distorted in case the actual production in a company is 10,000 units which the static budget projects 9,000 units. By reviewing original budget to around 10,000 units, it makes a detailed comparison in between the actual and budgeted costs, for numerous line values shows value relative to similar output. Furthermore, flexible budget is used since it takes into considerations of how variations in activities influence costs (Horngren 2009). For instance, flexible budget is used in creating budgets whenever one is assessing performance of a profit organization since the approach recognizes that budget could be adjusted in order to indicate what costs or expenses should be for actual activities. Three other budgets that might be prepared prior to cash budget Cash budget comprises of itemization of anticipated sources and utilization of cash in future period. It is used in ascertaining whether an organizations operations would give adequate amount of cash in order to meet projected cash needs. In case, this is not the case, the management has to find extra financing sources (Drury 2001). In essence, cash budget is usually itemized in two main segments; that is uses of cash as well as sources of cash. Inputs of cash budgets are basically obtained from numerous other budgets; these include the sales budget, production as well as purchase budgets. Therefore, the three main budgets, which are prepared prior to the preparation of the cash budget are the sales, purchases and production budgets. Sales budget is usually the first budget prepared since all the other budgets and particularly cash budget rely on its information. It comprises of sales in units and selling price per units. Production budget on the other hand is prepared in order to enlighten the management on the total amount of units that needs to be produced. It comprises of the finished goods units that are to be sold, desired finished goods at the year end and beginning finished goods on hand. Operating Cycle Versus Cash Cycle Cash cycle and operating cycles are usually measures of how efficient an organization is in managing its cash. When an organization invests in inventories, its cash is usually tied up till the items are sold. Thus, whatever cash is tied is not readily available for any other use. It is thus in an organizations will to maintain as short cash cycle and operating cycles as possible since by doing so it can be in a position to maximize liquidity and minimize costs of storing these inventories (Nordmeyer 2017). The main different between the two concepts is that operating cycle represent amount of time taken by an organization to acquire inventories, sell and receive cash from the consumers in exchange for these inventories. Contrary, cash cycle is the amount of time takes by an organization to covert its resources to cash. It computes amount of time where every dollar is dedicated to numerous sales and production procedures earlier before its conversion to cash in terms of paid invoices or account receivable. Therefore, understanding all the components of cash as well as operating cycle would assist organizations management in managing or controlling their working capital proficiently in that it helps one to understand what is to be done to minimize costs involved and in maximizing liquidity which are crucial in working capital management (eFinance Management 2017). In essence, understanding the concepts of cash and operating cycles would assist in easily computing current assets, current liabilities which are crucial in computing current, quick and working capital ratios of an organization. Therefore, the main ratios and data used in analysing efficiency of managing working capital are quick, current as well as working capital ratios. The current ratio helps in measuring the capacity of an organization to settle its short-term debt obligations while quick ratios help in measuring the capacity of an organization to pay off its debts using its most liquid assets. On the other hand, working capital ratio helps in measuring an organizations efficiency and liquidity and to ensure that an organization is capable of continuing its key operations and it has adequate cash flow that enable it satisfy both its upcoming operations and it maturing short-term debt. These ratios are computed by use of both current liabilities and its current liabilities. Accounting in Government Organisations versus Private Enterprises Accounting is the platform for reporting the financial information of an organization. It entails measuring, communicating and identifying economic information to allow informed decision and judgment by users of this information. Despite, these considerations, I totally disagree with this statement that says accounting aspect is not as significant in government entities as it is in the private organizations as the government firms do not care at all about generating profits. This is based on the fact that, in government entities accounting information is as much required as in private entities where information is to be provided to potential and present shareholders, vendors, creditors and financial accounting analysts for their different needs. Furthermore, in government entities accounting information is required to allow for accountability of the government entities to the public for the task delegated to them same as the private entities where information is required by sharehold ers. Purpose Of Any Costing System Costing system is usually designed to screen amount of cost incurred by an organization. In essence, costing system is an accounting system that is established to monitor an organizations costs giving the management information on performance and operations. It contains a set of processes, forms, reports and controls designed to sum up and report to the management about the profitability, costs and revenues (Hilton, Maher Selto 2003). The main information supplied by the costing systems is utilized for a number of reasons including making decision as to where to reduce costs in an event of an organization downturn, creating tactical and strategic plans for the future operations, fine-tuning operations in order to generate high returns as well as in matching the actual costs incurred alongside with the budgeted cost levels to enhance better control. Therefore, the purpose of any costing system is to help the management in analysis of profitability of different operations or departmen ts. It also assists in the analysis of the cost behaviour of numerous items of expenditure in an organization. This would assist in future cost projection with reasonable accuracies. Further, costing system is crucial since it assist in locating differences between the expected results and actual results. These differences are traced to individuals cost centres with effective costing system. Further, costing systems are important since they assist in planning operations as well as in gaining insights into possible effect of managerial decisions on profits and cost levels. Costing systems also provide consistent base where performance of an organization could be measured and provide a relevant technique whereby overheads and labour could be consistently charged and recovered into stock. The manufacturing overheads allocation rate In this case, manufacturing overhead allocation rate = total manufacturing overhead costs/total machine hours This is equal to = 598,080/7,000= 85.44 b) On the other hand, Administrative overhead allocation rate In this scenario, administrative overhead allocation rate = total administrative overhead costs divided by total direct labour hours = 695,520/14,000= 49.68 c) Price Direct Material costs $19,000 Direct labor costs (537,600/14,000*750) 28,800 Manufacturing overheads (is equal to 85.44*400 hours) $34,176 Administrative overheads (is equal to 49.68*750) 37,260 Total cost 119,236 Mark-up = 40%*119,236 =$47,694.4 Thus, total price = 119,236-47,694.4 = $71,541.6 d) Why it is important to allocate overhead expenses when deciding on prices Management of expenses is crucial for an organization success and overhead costs have a pivotal or crucial role in realizing favourable income margins (Drury 2001). Therefore, overhead costs allocation is very important when deciding on prices. This is based on the notion that allocation of overhead costs provides relevant information in establishing base on costs of the products. Basically, it is not enough to include the direct labour and direct material in setting prices of a given job; thus, overhead costs have to be considered as well. Further, allocation of overhead costs is also crucial since it promote efficient utilization of the resources (Patil Bhangale, 2014). The three approaches that might be taken in allocating overhead expenses include the volume-based approach, departmental approach and activity-based approach. These approaches experiences some issues while allocating overhead expenses which include allocation expenses could exceed the external purchase expenses. e) Importance of predetermined overhead allocation rates instead of actual overhead rate Predetermined overhead allocation rates is used in applying manufacturing overhead to the job orders or products and is calculated at the start of every period by subdividing estimated manufacturing overhead costs by allocation base (Drury 2013). Predetermined overhead rate is said to set manufacturing overhead costs of the work in progress. Basically, predetermined overhead rate is mainly founded on the basis of projected total overhead expenses to the projected total activities. Organizations consider using predetermined overhead allocation rate instead of actual overhead allocation rate since predetermined overhead rate gives a percentage to monitoring on weekly, monthly or on quarterly basis, with amount of the expenditure and the base being proportionate and relative to one another at a given period. Further, unlike actual overhead rate, the predetermined overhead rate streamlines the year-end overheads reconciliation (Hilton, Maher Selto 2003). Another reason why organizations use predetermined overhead allocation rate instead of the actual overhead rate is provision of timely information for planning, control and decision making. This is based on the fact that predetermined overhead rate is usually computed earlier and in time thus can allow for easier planning, control of the operations or for decision making rather than actual overhead rate which is computed once the costs incurred and all the activities are recorded. Furthermore, organizations make use of the predetermined overhead rates instead of the actual overhead rate in allocation of production jobs since it is easy to apply and evade any fluctuations in the job costs which are caused by variations in the overhead costs or production volume all through the year contrary to actual overhead rate (Drury 2013). References Drury, C 2001,Management and Cost Accounting, Thomson Learning. ISBN 1-86152-536-2. Drury, CM 2013,Management and cost accounting. Springer. eFinance Management 2017; Operating Cycle and Cash Operating Cycle; Viewed at 19th September 2017 from; https://efinancemanagement.com/working-capital-financing/operating-cycle-and-cash-operating-cycle Hilton, RW, Maher, M Selto, FH 2003,Cost management: strategies for business decisions. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Horngren, CT 2009,Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis, 13/e. Pearson Education India. Nordmeyer, B 2017, The Difference Between Operating Cash Conversion Cycles; Viewed at 19th September 2017 from; https://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-operating-cash-conversion-cycles-24738.htm Patil, SS Bhangale, P 2014, Overhead Cost in Construction Industry.

Arts Education Essay Example For Students

Arts Education Essay Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited while imagination embraces the whole world. (Albert Einstein) Since earliest times when humans drew images on the walls of the caves, the arts have been our means of recording our human experience and Of making sense of our world. The arts give expression to our understanding, our imagination and our creativity. As the world we inhabit becomes smaller, faster and more competitive, these qualities are increasingly important. Schools and society must develop our children to become happy. Well-adjusted citizens, rather than pupils who can just pass a test and get through school. We must ensure that our children can think creatively, skillfully, and outside the box. The arts are a vital part of doing this and of ensuring that every pupil can achieve his or her potential and contribute fully to our society, We can also say that the arts are an integral part of a complete, successful and high-quality education. A comprehensive arts education provides a rich and engaging curriculum that develops pupils abilities to think, reason and understand the world and its cultures. It offers pupils opportunities to respond, perform, and create in the arts. The arts instill in our pupils the habits of mind that last a lifetime: analytical skills, the ability to solve problems, perseverance and a drive for excellence. The creative skills children develop through the arts carry them toward new ideas, ewe experiences and new challenges, as well as offering personal satisfaction. Research on the effects of arts education on childrens learning and development has in fact showed significant positive outcomes on children exposed to arts programs With teacher supervision compared to children not exposed to arts education. It has been proved that children exposed to arts do better in school, develop greater social, cognitive and emotional skills and are more likely to earn higher degrees of education later in life.